Protheine, aka protheine (ho tsoa ho protheine ea Senyesemane) ke motsoako o rarahaneng oa manyolo, ketane ea li-amino acid tse hokahaneng ka tatellano, e sothehileng ho potoloha axis ea eona mme e theha sebopeho sa mahlakore a mararo. Liprotheine ke mokokotlo oa sebopeho sa lisele tse ngata tsa 'mele. O amehile hoo e batlang e le lits'ebetsong tsohle tsa 'mele.
Bakeng sa ts'ebetso e felletseng, motho o tlameha ho fumana palo e itseng ea protheine le lijo, e leng ho tloha ho 1 ho isa ho 1.5 g ea protheine ka 1 kg ea boima ba 'mele. Ho fumana palo ena ea protheine ke ntho e lakatsehang lijong tsa tlhaho (bonyane haholo). Mefuta ea liprotheine e ipapisitse le mehloli. Liprotheine li arotsoe ka liprotheine tsa limela le tsa liphoofolo. Phapang ke efe lipakeng tsa protheine ea liphoofolo le protheine ea meroho, eo re tla e tšohla ka tlase.
Mefuta ea liprotheine
'Mele o amohela liprotheine tse tsoang lihlahisoa tsa liphoofolo le limela, tse khethollang karohano ea liprotheine ka mefuta.
Ha ho ntse ho chesoa grama e 1 ea protheine ho hlahisoa kcal 4 ea matla.
Bakeng sa tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea lijo, ho tlameha ho nahanoe lintlha tse latelang:
- Kakaretso ea protheine lijong.
- Boteng ba li-amino acid, tse thehang boleng ba tlhaho ba lijo. Ke ka lebaka la mofuta ona oa li-polypeptides tse kenang 'meleng - liphoofolo le / kapa limela.
- Ho monya ka botlalo liprotheine tse tsoang ka mpeng.
Re tla bua ka phapang lipakeng tsa mefuta ena e 'meli ea protheine e ka tlase, karolong ena re tla fana ka mehloli ea bohlokoahali ea protheine, semela le phoofolo.
- Mehloli ea protheine ea liphoofolo: lebese, mahe, chisi ea kottage, nama, likhoho, tlhapi, lihlahisoa tsa liphoofolo (liphio, lipelo, sebete, jj.).
- Mehloli ea protheine ea meroho: linaoa, lierekisi, koro, rye, quinoa, buckwheat, mefuta e meng ea linate (lialmonde, walnuts).
Mokhoa oa ho bala liprotheine tsa hau
Ho fumana hantle hore na ho hlokahala liprotheine tse kae bakeng sa kholo e tsitsitseng, ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka lintlha tse 'maloa tse atisang ho hlokomolohuoa:
- Boima ba 'mele bo se nang mafura a' mele. Kahoo linomoro tse ntle li tla fetoha tsa nnete le tse amohelehang. Boima ba 'mele bo baloa ho sebelisoa mokhoa: boima bo felletseng -% mafura a' mele. 'Me e se e ntse e le teng, palo e felletseng ea liprotheine e baloa.
- Sekhahla sa metabolism. Batho ba nang le metabolism e liehang ba hloka ka karolelano liphesente tse 30% tsa liprotheine ho feta batho ba nang le lits'ebetso tse potlakileng tsa metabolism.
- Sebopeho sa protheine ea amino acid. Haeba u ja protheine e rarahaneng, bala lintlha tse tafoleng. Empa haeba u ja lijo tsa batho ba sa jeng nama 'me u sebetsa ka protheine e thehiloeng ho limela, leka ho tlatsa boemo bo felletseng ba amino acid. Ho etsa sena, bala halofo feela ea protheine e kenang e tsoang ho profil e ngoe le e ngoe ea amino acid.
Tafole e bonts'a tlhoko ea protheine, ho latela boikoetliso ba 'mele:
Karolelano ea litekanyetso tsa protheine ka letsatsi | Ho ikoetlisa ka matla |
0.3-0.5 g protheine ka boima ba 'mele oa kg. | Ho boloka tšebetso e tloaelehileng ntle le ho ikoetlisa |
0.7-1 g | Ho boloka boemo bo tsitsitseng ba lisele tsa mesifa nakong ea methati ea pele ea koetliso ka tšepe |
1- 1.2 g | Bakeng sa 'mele o fokolang butle-butle maemong a ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea' mele le lik'halori tse feteletseng tse fetang 10% ea ts'ebeliso |
1.5-2 g | Bakeng sa 'mele o fokolang butle-butle maemong a ho ikoetlisa ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng, maemong a khaello e nyane ea khalori (ho fihlela 10% ea ts'ebeliso e felletseng) |
2-2.5 g | Ho boloka lisele tsa mesifa maemong a ho omella haholo |
Ha re bolokeng hanghang hore ts'ebeliso ea protheine e fetang 2 g ka kg ea boima ba 'mele e hloka tšebeliso e eketsehileng ea metsi - 30 ml bakeng sa grama e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea protheine.
Re khothaletsa lisebelisoa tse khahlisang lijong tsa protheine!
Phapang ke efe lipakeng tsa liprotheine tsa limela le tsa liphoofolo
Ho araba potso, phapang ke efe lipakeng tsa liprotheine tsa liphoofolo le tsa meroho, ha re khutleleng tlhalosong ea liprotheine. Liprotheine li entsoe ka li-amino acid. Ke tatellano ea li-amino acid tse khethollang boleng ba protheine (mohloli - Wikipedia).
Li-amino acid li arotsoe ka lintho tseo e seng tsa bohlokoa le tse seng tsa bohlokoa. Ba na le thepa ena feela kamanong le 'mele oa motho. Tse ling li ka fetoloa li ka hlophisoa ke 'mele ea rona, tse ke keng tsa khutlisoa - che, o ka li fumana feela ka thuso ea lijo tse fapaneng.
Sehlopha sa pele se kenyelletsa arginine, alanine, asparagine, tyrosine, glycine, proline, glutamine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, cysteine le serine. Lintho tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa valine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, tryptophan, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, histidine.
Tlhahisoleseling ena e tla u thusa ho utloisisa hore na protheine e felletseng ke eng. Ke protein feela e nang le li-amino acid tse nkoang e le joalo. Hobaneng ha motho a hloka sete e felletseng? Taba ke hore re hloka protheine joalo ka mohloli oa li-amino acid. Ke protheine feela e arotsoeng ho amino acid e sebelisoang ke 'mele e le thepa ea sebopeho.
Li-amino acid tse kopantsoeng nakong ea ho senyeha ha protheine ea "kantle ho naha" li tla sebelisoa bakeng sa ho kopanya liprotheine tsa 'mele - lisele, lihomone, li-enzyme, lisele tsa cellular, jj.
Kahoo, meroho protheine - haelloang protheine... E felletsoe ke li-amino acid tsa bohlokoa ebile ha e na mefuta e mengata ea metsoako e hlokahalang bakeng sa batho. Ke ka lebaka leo baatlelete ba sa jeng nama ba hlokang ho ba le mohopolo o hlakileng oa hore na ke lijo life tse nang le liasiti tse ling tsa amino molemong oa ho theha lijo tse felletseng tsa protheine ka "ho kopanya" mehloli e fapaneng ea liprotheine tsa limela (mohloli - NCBI - Setsi sa Naha sa Boitsebiso ba Biotechnology).
Likahare tsa protheine lijong tse fapaneng
Khafetsa u ka utloa ho tsoa ho baemeli ba sechaba sa boikoetliso maikutlo a hore har'a lijo tse hlokomelehang tse nang le protheine e ngata ho na le letsoele la Turkey le nama ea kana. Ebile, sena ha se joalo.
Palo e kholo ea protheine e boetse e fumanoa lihlahisoa - haholo-holo, ka mpeng ea kana (17 g ho 100 g ea sehlahisoa), sebeteng sa nama ea likhomo (18-20 g ka 100 g ea sehlahisoa).
Bakeng sa batho ba se nang khethollo, liteko tsa likhomo li nepahetse - liprotheine tse ho tsona ke ligrama tse 13 ka ligrama tse 100 tsa sehlahisoa. Liphio tsa nama ea khomo li lokeloa ke ho boleloa - 15.2 g ea protheine ka 100 g ea sehlahisoa. Ka lebaka la maemo a thata a moruo ka hara naha, e ka ba bohlanya ho hlokomoloha mehloli e theko e tlaase joalo ea protheine.
Se ke oa lebala hore setopo sa likhoho ha se na letsoele feela - maoto le lirope ha li tlase haholo ho karolo ena ho latela liprotheine - tse ka bang 16 le 20 g ho fapana le 23-27 ka matsoeleng, ka ho latellana.
Nama
Qetellong, ha re feteleng ho nama ka bo eona. Mefuta e tsebahalang haholo ea ho qetela Russia Federation ke nama ea kolobe le nama ea khomo.
Ha ho tluoa ho nama ea kolobe, litsebi tse ngata tsa boikoetliso li koenya linko tsa tsona ka bohale ha li eletsa hore li tlosoe lijong. Le ka lefeela! Liprotheine tse nang le nama ea kolobe e omeletseng ke 19.4 g ea protheine ka 100 g ea sehlahisoa, e nang le mafura a tlase - ke ligg tsa 7-9 feela.A re se keng ra lebala hore ho khetha le ho pheha nama ea kolobe ho bonolo haholo ho feta nama ea khomo. Ntle le moo, nama ea nama ea nama ea kolobe e tla thusa baatlelete:
- ho bonolo ho kenya liprotheine le lik'habohaedreite, ho ntlafatsa phepelo ea oksijene ho mesifa ka lebaka la livithamini tsa B1 le B6 ho eona;
- ntlafatsa metabolism le phepelo ea matla, ho eketsa mamello nakong ea boikoetliso, bo thusitsoeng ke vithamine B3;
- ntlafatsa metabolism ea protheine, thabo ea lisele tsa mesifa le ho potlakisa kholo ea mesifa ka lebaka la vithamine B2.
Ho bohlokoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang hore mafura a nama ea kolobe, ho fapana le mafura a nama ea khomo, a bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa methapo ea pelo.
Ha re feteleng khomong. Mohloli o ratoang haholo oa protheine ke bonolo ba mofuta ona oa nama. E na le liprotheine tse ka bang 19 g ka 100 g ea sehlahisoa. Joalokaha u bona, ha ho letho le majabajaba - leha ho le joalo, ho lumeloa hore nama ea khomo ke mohloli o ratang oa protheine ho feta nama ea kolobe. Ha e le hantle, polelo e joalo ha e lumellane le 'nete (mohloli - buka "Dietetics: Tataiso ea Lingaka", E hlophisitsoeng ke A. Yu. Baranovsky. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2008).
Motho a ke ke a hloleha ho bua ka mofuta oa boleng bo holimo ba protheine joalo ka protheine ea tlhapi. Litlhapi tse khubelu kapa tse tšoeu ha se tsa bohlokoa hakaalo. Hake (16 g protheine ka 100 g), perch (18.5 g) kapa cod (17.5 g) e na le protheine ea boleng bo holimo e tšoanang le saalmon e pinki (21) kapa salmon (21.6).
Mahe
Ha re lebale ho bua ka 'mala o mosoeu oa lehe - o monyang habonolo, o na le li-amino acid tse ngata, tse nang le li-amino acid tse ngata tse nang le li-branched (BCAAs). Lehe le le leng la kana le na le 3-7 g ea protheine ka karolelano, ho latela sehlopha.
Mehloli ea liprotheine e thathamisitsoe kaholimo, hobane ha ho thata ho hakanya hore tsena ke liprotheine tsa liphoofolo.
Karolo ea bona ke ho ba sieo ha lik'habohaedreite ka 100 g ea sehlahisoa - ka mantsoe a mang, li na le mafura, metsi le protheine.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ena ke tlatsetso bakeng sa ba khomarelang phepo e nang le protheine e ngata e nang le lik'habohaedreite tse fokolang lijong. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha ho motho ea ileng a hlakola tlhoko ea motho ea fiber. Bonyane batho ba lulang karolong ea Europe ea Russia baa e hloka. Mme mona re fumana mehloli ea liprotheine, haholo-holo lijo-thollo.
Thollo
Ha u bua ka phepo e leka-lekaneng ea lipapali, li-buckwheat le oatmeal li lula li hlaha. Hona ha ho iketsahalle feela ka tšohanyetso - ea pele e na le liprotheine tse 12,6 ka 100 g ea sehlahisoa, ea bobeli - 11 g, mme ho na le hoo e ka bang 60 g ea lik'habohaedreite tse nang le mafura a tlase (tlase ho 5 g). Le ha protheine e fumanehang lithong tsena e le tlase ho sebopeho sa amino acid, ka ts'ebeliso e ts'oanang ea mehloli ea liphoofolo ea liprotheine, lijo-thollo li tlatselletsa lijo hantle, li fetoha mohloli oa fiber le matla.
Ho bua 'nete, ha re etseng maikutlo. Ha ho na fiber e ngata haholo lithorong. Mohloli o motle ka ho fetisisa ke meroho e tala e tala. Se ke la lebala hore ho ja liprotheine tse ngata tsa liphoofolo ho hloka ho kenyelletsa mehloli e meng ea fiber lijong.
Melemo le likotsi tsa mofuta ka mong
Hoa makatsa ho bua ka likotsi kapa melemo ea mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa protheine, empa ho lokela ho boleloe tse ling tsa makolopetso. Taba ke hore 'mele ea rona, ka lebaka la ho iphetola ha lintho, e ikamahantse le ts'ebeliso ea likarolo tse itseng feela tsa protheine.
Ho sa tloaela rona mehloli ea liprotheine ka bongata bo fapaneng ho hlahisa metabolite e ka lematsang kapa ea fokotsa tsoelo-pele ea ho fihlela maemo a mang.
Sena se ama haholo-holo liprotheine tsa limela, haholo-holo lihlahisoa tsa soya. Protheine ea soya e na le li-amino acid, tseo 'mele o li fetolang ho li-phytoestrogens. Metsoako ena e lebisa ho fokotseheng ha kholo ea litsupa tsa matla, ponahalo ea mafura a 'mele oa basali, mme ka ts'ebeliso e telele, e ka baka gynecomastia.
Hlokomela: Sehlahisoa se seng se nang le phytoestrogens ke tomoso ea joala, eo ka linako tse ling e sebelisoang ke baatlelete ka lebaka la liprotheine tse ngata.
Empa sena ha se bolele hore ha ho hlokahale hore u je liprotheine tsa meroho - ho lekane ho khetha mehloli e nepahetseng le ho fokotsa palo e kenang ho 15-20% ea protheine kaofela.
Ka bomalimabe, protheine ea liphoofolo le eona ha e ea nepahala. Protheine e fumanoang nameng e khubelu e na le D-carnitine le li-amino acid tse ling tsa lipalangoang ka sebopeho sa eona. Ha li kena 'meleng hammoho le lisele tsa adipose, li ntša k'holeseterole e kotsi le e sebetsang ho tsona. Ea pele e silafatsoa ka potlako ka har'a lipoleiti tsa k'holeseterole, tse nang le phello e mpe haholo bophelong ba likepe tsa methapo. Li-depositi tse joalo li kotsi haholo ho baatlelete ba fetang lilemo tse 35.
Qetello
Bakeng sa liprotheine tse felletseng, re hloka mefuta e mengata ea li-amino acid. Re e fumana mehloling ea liprotheine tsa liphoofolo kapa ka ho fapanyetsana pakeng tsa mehloli e fapaneng ea liprotheine tsa meroho. U khetha tsela efe ho latela uena feela. Litholoana tsa ho noa protheine e nang le bokhoni ke letlalo le phetseng hantle, manala a matla, letlalo le moriri o phetseng hantle, liperesente tse tlase tsa mafura a 'mele le bophelo bo botle ba' mele. Tšoara lijo tseo u li jang ka tsela e nang le boikarabelo! Phela hantle!