Libaka tsa Sprint esale e le lithupelo tse tummeng ka ho fetesisa lipapaling, 'me mabitso a ba hapileng a melomong ea motho e mong le e mong.
Mme ha ho iketsahalle feela hore tlholisano ea pele ea lipapali tsa Liolimpiki Greece ea Boholo-holo e ne e le lebelo la lebelo la sekhahla mohato o le mong (192.27 m), mme lebitso la mohapi oa pele, Koreb, le bolokiloe makholo a lilemo.
Etymology ea lentsoe "sprinter"
Lentsoe "sprinter" le tsoa ho Senyesemane. Lentsoe "sprint" ka Senyesemane le qalile lekholong la 16th century. ho tloha "spretta" ea khale ea Iceland (ho hola, ho phunyeletsa, ho otloa ka molatsoana) mme ho ne ho bolela "ho tlola, tlola." Ka kutloisiso ea lona ea sejoale-joale, lentsoe lena le sebelisitsoe ho tloha ka 1871.
Sprint ke eng?
Sprint ke tlholisano lebaleng la lipapali lenaneong la liatleletiki tse tsamaisang lithupelo:
- Limithara tse 100;
- 200 limithara;
- Limithara tse 400;
- Peiso e fetisisang 4 × 100 m;
- Peiso e fetisisang 4 × 400 m.
Ho matha ka lebelo le lona ke karolo ea lithuto tsa mahlale (ho qhomela, ho lahlela), liatleletiki hohle le lipapali tse ling.
Liketsahalo tsa semmuso tsa semmuso li etsahala Lipapaling tsa Lefatše, Lipapali tsa Liolimpiki, Lipapaling tsa Naha le Kontinenteng, le litlholisanong tsa lehae tsa khoebo le tsa boiphihlelo.
Litlholisano libakeng tse sa tloaelehang tsa 30 m, 50 m, 55 m, 60 m, 300 m, 500 m, 600 m li tšoareloa likamoreng tse koetsoeng, hammoho le likolong tsa sekolo le tsa baithuti.
Physiology ea Sprint
Ka lebelo la lebelo, sepheo se seholo sa semathi ke ho fihlela lebelo le phahameng kapele. Tharollo ea bothata bona e its'etleha haholo holima litšobotsi tsa 'mele le tsa tlhaho tsa semathi se lebelo.
Ho matha ka sekhahla ke boikoetliso ba anaerobic, ke hore, 'mele o fuoa matla ntle le ho kenya letsoho ha oksijene. Libakeng tse lebelo, mali ha a na nako ea ho isa oksijene mesifeng. Ho senyeha ha Anaerobic alactate ea ATP le CrF, hammoho le ho senyeha ha glucose (glycogen) ea anaerobic ho fetoha mohloli oa matla bakeng sa mesifa.
Nakong ea metsotsoana e 5 ea pele. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea pele, mesifa e ja ATP, e neng e bokelletsoe ke likhoele tsa mesifa nakong ea phomolo. Ebe, holim'a metsotsoana e 4 e latelang. sebopeho sa ATP se etsahala ka lebaka la ho putlama ha creatine phosphate. Ka mor'a moo, ho amana le phepelo ea matla a anaerobic glycolytic, e lekaneng metsotsoana e 45. mosebetsi oa mesifa, ha o ntse o etsa acid e lactic.
Lactic acid, ho tlatsa lisele tsa mesifa, ho lekanyetsa ts'ebetso ea mesifa, ho boloka lebelo le phahameng ho ba thata, mokhathala o kenella, mme lebelo la ho matha lea fokotseha.
Phepelo ea matla ea oksijene e qala ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa nakong ea ho hlaphoheloa ha mehloli ea ATP, KrF le glycogen e sebelisitsoeng nakong ea ts'ebetso ea mesifa.
Kahoo, ka lebaka la pokello ea pokello ea ATP le CrF, mesifa e ka etsa mosebetsi nakong ea meroalo e mengata. Kamora ho qeta, nakong ea phomolo, lisebelisoa tse sebelisitsoeng lia khutlisoa.
Lebelo la ho hlola sebaka se ho sprint le susumetsoa haholo ke palo ea likhoele tse potlakileng tsa mesifa. Ha semathi se na le tsona tse ngata, se ka matha ka lebelo le ho feta. Palo ea likhoele tsa mesifa tse potlakileng le tse liehang ho tsejoa li na le liphatsa tsa lefutso 'me li ke ke tsa fetoloa ka koetliso.
Ho na le libaka tse khutšoane hakae?
60 limithara
Sebaka sa 60 m ha se Olimpiki. Litlholisano tse hole joalo li tšoareloa lipapaling tsa lefats'e le tsa Europe, litlholisano tsa naha le tsa khoebo mariha, ka tlung.
Peiso e tšoareloa moleng oa pina ea limithara tse 200 le lebaleng la lipapali, kapa ho tloha bohareng ba lebala le nang le matšoao a mang bakeng sa sebaka sa limithara tse 60.
Kaha lebelo la 60m le potlakile, karabelo e ntle ea ho qala ke ntlha ea bohlokoa hole.
100 limithara
Sebaka se tummeng ka ho fetisisa sa lebelo. E etsoa karolong e otlolohileng ea lebala la lipapali. Sebaka sena se kentsoe lenaneong ho tloha ka Olimpiki ea pele.
200 limithara
E 'ngoe ea libaka tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa. E kenyelelitsoe lenaneong la Liolimpiki ho tloha Liolimpiki tsa bobeli. Mohope oa pele oa 200m oa Lefatše o ile oa tšoaroa ka 1983.
Ka lebaka la hore qalo e se e kobehile, bolelele ba lipina bo fapane, li-sprinters li beoa ka tsela ea hore morupeluoa e mong le e mong ea peisong a mathe hantle ka limithara tse 200.
Ho hlola sebaka sena ho hloka mokhoa o phahameng oa ho koala le mamello e lebelo ho tsoa ho li-sprinters.
Litlholisano tse limithara tse 200 li tšoareloa mabaleng a lipapali le mabaleng a ka tlung.
400 m
Tsela e thata ka ho fetisisa le taeo ea tšimo. E hloka mamello e potlakileng le kabo e nepahetseng ea mabotho a tsoang ho li-sprinters. Taeo ea Liolimpiki. Litlholisano li tšoareloa lebaleng la lipapali le ka matlung.
Merabe e fetisang
Peiso ea peiso ke eona feela ketsahalo ea sehlopha lipapaling tsa mabelo tse etsahalang Lipapaling tsa Liolimpiki, European le World Championship.
Lirekoto tsa lefats'e, ntle le libaka tse telele tsa Liolimpiki, le tsona li tlalehiloe merabeng e latelang ea phetiso:
- 4x200 limithara;
- 4x800 limithara;
- 4x1500 m.
Mabelo a phetisetso a tšoareloa mabaleng a lipapali le mabaleng a lipapali a bulehileng. Litlhōlisano li boetse li tšoareloa libakeng tse latelang tsa phetisetso:
- 4 × 110 m le lithibelo;
- Phetolelo ea Sweden;
- peiso e khutlisoang literateng tsa toropo;
- mabelo a phetisetso ea naha e kholo tseleng e kholo;
- merabe e fetisisang ho pholletsa le naha;
- Ekiden (marathon relay).
Li-sprinters tse 10 tse holimo lefatšeng
Usain Bolt (Jamaica) - mohloli oa makhetlo a robong Lipapaling tsa Liolimpiki. Setsi sa rekoto ea lefats'e sa 100 m le 200 m;
Tyson Guy (USA) - Mohlōli oa likhau tsa 4 tsa khauta ho tlholisano ea lefats'e, ea hapileng Mohope oa K'honthinente. Lebelo la bobeli la lebelo le lebelo ho feta limithara tse 100;
Johan Blake (Jamaica) - Mohloli oa likhau tsa khauta tsa Olimpiki tse peli, likhau tse 4 tsa botumo ba lefats'e tsa khauta. Semathi sa boraro se lebelo ka ho fetisisa sa limithara tse 100 lefatšeng;
Asafa Powell (Jamaica) - Mohloli oa likhau tse peli tsa khauta tsa Olimpiki le sebapali sa lefats'e sa makhetlo a mabeli. Lebelo la lebelo la lebelo la 4 la lebelo la maoto ho 100m;
Nesta Carter (Jamaica) - Mohloli oa likhau tse peli tsa khauta tsa Olimpiki, likhau tsa lefatše tsa 4 tsa khauta;
Maurice Greene (USA) - Mohloli oa likhau tse peli tsa khauta lipapaling tsa Liolimpiki tsa Sydney tse 100 m le ho 4x100 m relay, likhau tsa 6 tsa khauta ea 'mampuli oa lefats'e. Rekhoto ea limithara tse 60 e mathang;
Weide van Niekerk (Afrika Boroa) - 'mampoli oa lefats'e, ea hapileng khau ea khauta ea Olimpiki e Rio 2016 ho limithara tse 400;
Irina Privalova (Russia) -, ea hapileng khau ea khauta ea Liolimpiki Liolimpiki tsa Sydney ho 4x100 m relay, likhau tsa 3 tsa khauta ea Championship ea Europe le likhau tsa 4 tsa khauta tsa Championship ea Lefatše. Mohloli oa lirekoto tsa lefats'e le tsa Europe. Rekoto ea lefats'e ea 60m e mathang ka tlung;
Florence Griffith-Joyner (USA) - O hapile likhau tse tharo tsa khauta ho Liolimpiki tsa Seoul, 'mampuli oa lefats'e, ea tšoereng rekoto ea lefats'e bakeng sa 100 m le 200 m.
Ha o tšoaneleha bakeng sa Lipapali tsa Seoul Griffith Joyner e fetisitse rekoto ka limithara tse 100 ka nako e le ngoe ka metsotsoana e 0.27, 'me qetellong ea Liolimpiki tsa Seoul e ntlafalitse rekoto e fetileng ka metsotsoana e 0,37;
EA-118-Marita Koch - mong'a khau ea Liolimpiki peisong ea limithara tse 400, makhetlo a 3 e bile 'mampoli oa lefats'e mme makhetlo a 6 e le sebapali sa Europe. Motsamaisi oa hajoale oa rekoto ea limithara tse 400. Nakong ea papali ea hae ea lipapali, o se a behile lirekoto tse fetang 30 tsa lefats'e.
Lebelo la sekhahla, leo ho lona qeto ea peiso e nkuoang ke likaroloana tsa motsotsoana, e hloka hore semathi se ntlafatse ts'ebetso, mokhoa o phethahetseng oa ho matha, lebelo le mamello ea matla.
