Mesebetsi ea lipapali e na le kotsi ea kotsi. Inshorense ea baatlelete ha e sireletse khahlanong le likotsi, empa e lefella tahlehelo ea lichelete ha ho ka ba le mathata a bophelo bo botle. Inshorense e bohlokoa bakeng sa ba ikoetlisetsang "bakeng sa bona", mme le ho feta - bakeng sa ba ikoetlisang semmuso.
Na inshorense bakeng sa baatlelete e hlokahala ho Russian Federation?
Hore na u ikoetlisetsa hae kapa u ea ikoetlisong, u na le boikarabello bo felletseng ba ho se be le ts'ireletso ea lichelete. Tabeng ea lihlopha tsa lipapali kapa lihlopha, boemo bo fapane. Ntle le inshorense, uena kapa ngoana oa hau le ke ke la lumelloa ho bapala lipapali.
Sena ke 'nete bakeng sa boemo ba bo-rutehi, mme le ho feta bakeng sa setsebi. Inshorense e qobelloang khahlanong le likotsi le baithuti ba sekolo sa lipapali. Empa feela bakeng sa nako ea tlholisano.
Inshorense ea baatlelete bakeng sa koetliso le tlholisano ke ntho ea bohlokoa ho Russian Federation. Mme haeba maemong a mang ho khonahala ho ikoetlisa ntle le leano, ho tla hlokahala hore o qothisane lehlokoa ka ho phethela tumellano le e 'ngoe ea lik'hamphani tsa inshorense.
Lipapali tsa mantlha tseo inshorense e hlokahalang
Lethathamo la lipapali tse hlokang inshorense e tlamang li pharaletse. Lethathamo lena le kenyelletsa:
Likarolo tsa lipapali | Lipapali |
Lipapali tsa lipapali | Bolo ea maoto ea Amerika, badminton, basketball, baseball, volleyball, bolo ea maoto, kolofo, ho kobeha, futsal, tenese ea tafole, volleyball e lebopong, bolo ea maoto lebopong, rugby, tenese, bolo ea folakha, bolo ea maoto, hockey. |
Baatlelete le lithuto tse tšoanang | Ho matha le ho laea lipapali tse ling, ho sesa. |
Lipapali tsa matla | Ho phahamisa letsoho, ho kampana ka matsoho, ho haha 'mele, ho ikoetlisa, ho phahamisa kettlebell, ho tšela sefapano, ho phahamisa matla, ho hula ntoa, ho hloa mafika ka tlung, ho phahamisa litšepe. |
Gymnastics le likarolo tse ling tse amanang le tšebelisano e rarahaneng le lits'ebetso tsa mahlale | Acrobatic rock and roll, aerobics, ballroom dancing, polo ea metsi, ho qoela, ho qhomela holim'a trampoline, ho tlola ski, ho tlola ski, ho sesa ho lumellanang, lipapali tsa lipapali, lipapali tsa boikoetliso, boikoetliso ba bonono, lipapali tsa motjeko oa sejoale-joale, setšoantšo ho thellisa, boikoetliso ba 'mele, boithabiso, boithapollo ba' mele, li-acrobatics tsa pole, boikoetliso ba boithabiso. |
Bokhabane | Aikido, ntoa ea sesole ka letsoho, papali ea litebele, ho kampana ka mabanta, ho loana ka bolokolohi, ho loana, ho loana ha Greco-Roman, ho loana, jiu-jitsu, judo, zendo, capoeira, karate, kickboxing, pankration, wrestling, ho loana ka matsoho, savat, sambo, karate e tsoakiloeng (MMA), sumo, Thai boxing, taekwondo, ntoa ea bokahohleng, wushu, hapkido, kwan do tee. |
Ka hohle-hohle | Biathlon, biathlon ea metsu, ski nordic, polyathlon, pentathlon (pentathlon), triathlon, |
Litaeo tse amanang le tlhoko ea ho tsamaisa mofuta o itseng oa lipalangoang / lisebelisoa | Lipapali tsa likoloi / tsa makoloi, ho soka sekepe, sefapano sa baesekele, bobsleigh, ho palama baesekele, ho palama baesekele, ho palama sekepe, ho sesa lipapali, lipapali tsa sledding, ho palama libaesekele, lipapali tsa bapalami ba maoto, ho parola naha, MTB (baesekele ea thabeng), ho sesisa sekepe, rafting, luge, surfing, skateboarding, yachting. |
Litaelo tse tsitsitseng tsa lipapali | Bowling, metsu, lipapali tsa ho thunya, ho thunngoa ha mookoli. |
Litaeo tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea cyclical, e matla | Ho thelelisa lehloeng, ho thellisa leholimong, ho thellisa ka lebelo, ho thelelisa lehloeng, ho sesa ka maoto, ho sesa qetellong, ho sesa ka scuba, ho thellisa lehloeng, ho thellisa lehloeng, ho ea boema-fofane. |
Lipapali tse fetelletseng maemong a inshorense li khetholloa ka likarolo tse 'maloa. Har'a tse latelang:
- likotsi tse eketsehileng tsa kotsi ea letsatsi le letsatsi;
- litefiso tse eketsehileng tsa litefiso tsa inshorense;
- litefiso tse eketsehileng tsa inshorense;
- phapang e kholo ea mantsoe a inshorense - ho tloha lihora tse 'maloa ho isa ho selemo.
Har'a likotsi tsa inshorense tse amanang le lipapali tse feteletseng:
- inshorense ea litšenyehelo tsa bongaka le tsa lipalangoang;
- inshorense ea mekoloto ea lehae; Sena se kenyelletsa ho koahela litšenyehelo tsa batho ba boraro ba lemetseng ke liketso tsa moatlelete (mohlala, haeba motho ea thellisang lehloa a oela thepa ea motho e mong).
Mefuta ea inshorense bakeng sa baatlelete ba Russian Federation
Baatlelete ba kenang lipapaling life kapa life tse hlalositsoeng ba ka fumana likhetho tse peli tsa mantlha bakeng sa maano a inshorense: selemo le selemo le tlholisano.
Inshorense ea selemo le selemo
Ho koahela linyeoe tse amanang le koetliso, likampo tsa lipapali, lipontšo le litlholisano. Leano le sebetsa selemo.
Inshorense ea tlholisano
Ke inshorense e tlamang bakeng sa baatlelete e koahelang ho nka karolo papaling efe kapa efe. E sebetsa nakong ea ho qetela; leano le fanoa ka bomong le bakeng sa sehlopha sa lipapali.
Ho khethoa khetho efe ho latela papali, mofuta oa papali, le boemo ba kotsi ho semathi. Mefuta e sithabetsang e hloka tlhoko ea inshorense ea selemo le selemo. Lipapali tseo ho tsona kotsi e kholo ea bophelo bo botle e etsahalang nakong ea tlholisano ke lebaka la ho phetheloa ha konteraka ea inshorense nako e lekanyelitsoeng. Khetho e boetse e susumetsoa ke boleng ba lichelete ba baatlelete. Bakeng sa lihlopha tsa lipapali, tseo litho tsa tsona li lekantsoeng haholo, le likotsi tse nyane li ka baka tahlehelo e kholo. Ka hona, maikutlo mabapi le inshorense ea baatlelete a khethehile.
Likhethong tse kholo tsa inshorense, ho na le mefuta e meraro ea inshorense:
- inshorense ea baatlelete khahlanong le likotsi;
- inshorense ea bongaka e tlamang
- ka boithatelo inshorense ea bophelo bo botle.
Inshorense ea kotsi
Russia, ho ke ke ha khonahala ho kena karolong ea lipapali, kapa, le ho feta, ho nka karolo liketsahalong tsa lipapali, haeba ho se na leano le sireletsang khahlanong le likotsi tsa ka phoso (HC). Mofuta ona oa inshorense o tlatselletsa konteraka e tlamang ea inshorense ea bongaka mme o sebetsa e le mokoloto o eketsehileng oa lichelete ha ho ka hlaha kotsi kapa kotsi e ngoe ea bophelo bo botle.
Ho ea ka leano la NA, matšeliso a thepa a ka fumanoa ho le leng la linyeoe tse tharo:
- Ha ho na le bokooa ba nakoana. Maemong ana, semathi sa inshorense se netefalitsoe hore se tla fumana molemo oa letsatsi le letsatsi oa inshorense haeba se ka holofala nakoana. Kotsi e ka fumanoa ka bobeli thupelong le tlholisanong. Ntle le litefo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, ho na le khetho e 'ngoe - rasiti ea nako e le' ngoe ea chelete eo ho neng ho lumellanoe ka eona pejana, eo boleng ba eona bo fumanoang ho latela tafole e tsamaellanang. Moeli oa chelete e itseng o tlameletsoe boholong ba kotsi mme o fapana pakeng tsa 1-100% ea chelete e boletsoeng tumellanong.
- Ha ho na le bokooa (haeba ho na le bokooa). Inshorense ea baatlelete bakeng sa koetliso le tlholisano ea mofuta ona e khetholla matšeliso a ho qetela a thepa ha ho ka hlaha kotsi e lebisang ho bokooa. Palo ea litefo tsa thepa e latela maemo a konteraka le boima ba kotsi - palo ea matšeliso ke 60-90% ea boholo bo boletsoeng ho leano.
- Haeba a ka shoa. Inshorense ea bophelo bakeng sa baatlelete e fana ka matšeliso a thepa ea lekholo lekholong ho latela chelete eo ho lumellanoeng ka eona konterakeng. Khamphani ea inshorense e lefa chelete ho beng ka moatlelete ea hlokahetseng kapa majalefa a hae a molao.
Inshorense e qobelloang ea bophelo bo botle
Tlholisano e qobelloang ea bongaka ke mofuta o ka sehloohong oa inshorense ea bongaka ho la Federation ea Russia. Limathi ke baahi ba Russia, ka hona inshorense ena ha e amane le lipapali ka kotloloho. Ketsahalo e nang le inshorense e kenyelletsa phumants'o ea kalafo e sa lefelloeng litsing tsa bongaka tsa sechaba tsa naha le matšeliso a thepa ka mokhoa oa chelete ea khoeli le khoeli kapa ea nako e le 'ngoe.
Ntle le moo, ho sitoa ho sebetsa ke lebaka la kalafo e latelang le tefo ea tlhabollo ea bongaka, ea sechaba le ea mosebetsi oa matsoho. Litsenyehelo tsohle kapa tsa karoloana li koaheloa ke k'hamphani ea inshorense.
Inshorense ea boithatelo ea bophelo bo botle
Inshorense ea boithatelo ea bophelo bo botle e koahela litšenyehelo tsa tlhabollo ea bongaka litsing tsa bongaka tse lefuoang. Mefuta ea tšenyo ea bophelo bo botle le lenane la litsi tsa bongaka li bontšoa konterakeng ea inshorense.
Seo u lokelang ho se etsa ha ketsahalo ea inshorense e etsahala?
Joang ho tlohaNa inshorense ea bophelo bo botle ea baatlelete e kentsoe tšebetsong? Haeba kotsi e etsahala, o tlameha ho:
- batla thuso ho ngaka 'me u mo kope hore a tlalehe ketsahalo ea ketsahalo ea inshorense;
- tsebisa k'hamphani ea inshorense kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang ka se etsahetseng; o hloka ho etsa sena ka mokhoa o fe kapa o fe (ho tloha ho o boletsoeng pholising);
- latela litlhahiso tsa basebetsi ba k'hamphani ea inshorense mabapi le liketso tse ling; Litsebi li tla u tsebisa hore na ho hlokahala hore u fuoe litokomane life le hore na u nke mehato efe.
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Inshorense bakeng sa litlholisano kantle ho naha
Inshorense ea likotsi bakeng sa baatlelete ba tsamaeang kantle ho Russian Federation e hloka inshorense e khethehileng. Haeba u hlokomoloha sena, u tla tlameha ho lefella kalafo ka pokothong ea hau. Konteraka e Tloaelehileng ha e sebetse likotsing tse fumanoang lipapaling kapa thupelong. Ho na le mefuta e meraro ea mantlha ea inshorense bakeng sa baatlelete ba eang thupelong kapa litlholisanong kantle ho naha.
Inshorense ea bophelo bo botle ka kakaretso
Inshorense bakeng sa baatlelete e qala ka ngoliso ea leano la bongaka le tloaelehileng ho bohle. Ena ke inshorense ea mantlha e koahelang litšenyehelo tsa bongaka kantle ho naha. Ho etsa hore ho khonehe ho lefella tefo ea lits'ebeletso tsa bongaka tse amanang le lipapali, ho hlokahala hore ho tšoauoe mofuta o itseng oa lipapali karolong e lumellanang ea leano.
Haeba e tlameha ho nka karolo lithutong tse fapaneng tsa lipapali kapa ho sa tsejoe hore na ke papali ea mofuta ofe e tla tlameha ho ba teng, palo e phahameng ea lithuto tseo ho nahanoang hore e tla ba teng e lokela ho hlokomeloa.
Ka bonngoe, papali e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e etsa hore litšenyehelo tsa inshorense li be boima ka lebaka. Empa ha ho khethoa mefuta e mengata, li-coefficients ha li kenyellelitsoe holimo - e phahameng ka ho fetisisa e eketsoa ho inshorense ea mantlha. Mohlala, haeba papali X na le coefficient ea 5, le E na le - 3, joale ea morao ha e eketsoe, ho tloha ka X Hape.
Inshorense bakeng sa baatlelete litlholisanong kapa koetlisong kantle ho naha e amahanngoa le likotsi tse fapaneng. Ka hona, litsebi li khothaletsa hore baatlelete ba kenyeletse likhetho tse joalo konterakeng (e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta, ho latela maemo):
- ho baleha ka helikopthara; hoa utloahala ho ba tla be ba le hole le tsoelopele;
- ho imoloha ha mafu a sa foleng; ka holim'a tsohle, sena se bohlokoa ho "siloviki" - ho phahama ha meroalo hangata ho amahanngoa le mathata a ts'oanang;
- maeto le bolulo ba batho ba boraro; e utloahalang ha e fana ka inshorense ho bana (baatlelete) - batsoali ba romelang bana kantle ho naha ba lokela ho sebelisa khetho ena;
- mesebetsi ea ho batla le pholoso; khothaletsoa bakeng sa ba nkang karolo lipapaling tse feteletseng;
- ho khanna koloi (moped / sethuthuthu / sethuthuthu sa metsi); khetho e utloahalang bakeng sa ba batlang ho tloaelana le naha esele kantle ho naha.
Inshorense ea kotsi kantle ho naha
Khetho ena e ea hlokahala hape e tlatselletsa inshorense ea mantlha ea bophelo bo botle. Maemong ana, maemong a thata, semathi se ka ts'epahalla matšeliso bakeng sa litšenyehelo tsa thepa tse amanang le lipapali.
Litefiso li ts'oana le tse hlalositsoeng karolong ea inshorense ea baatlelete Russia:
- qalehong ea bokooa ba nakoana;
- qalehong ea bokooa;
- qalong ya lefu.
Maemong ohle, mefuta ea lichelete ka liperesente le eona ea tšoana.
Inshorense ea mekoloto ea lehae
Ha ho motho ea nang le inshorense khahlanong le mathata a ka bang teng a amanang le tšenyo ea thepa ea motho e mong kapa ho lematsa bophelo ba batho bao a sa ba tsebeng. Empa hoa khonahala ebile hoa hlokahala ho tiisa khahlanong le tlhoko ea ho lefella litšenyehelo tse amanang le ketsahalo eo. Sena ke 'nete haholo bakeng sa maeto a kantle ho naha.
Ketsahalo ya inshorense kantle ho naha
Seo u lokelang ho se etsa haeba inshorense ea baatlelete bakeng sa koetliso kapa tlholisano e ne e se lefeela mme ketsahalo ea inshorense e etsahala ha o le kantle ho naha? Latela litaelo:
- ikopanye le k'hamphani ea lithuso 'me u tsebise mohokahanyi lipakeng tsa hau le mosireletsi oa hau ka ketsahalo eo; etsa bonnete ba hore o tsebisa ka li-contraindication tsa meriana e itseng, haeba e le teng;
- fana ka data - lebitso le felletseng, nomoro ea leano, lebitso la UK, sebaka sa motho ea hlokofalitsoeng le nomoro ea mohala ho ikopanya le uena;
- etsa seo bahiruoa ba k'hamphani ea lithuso ba u joetsang sona - mokena-lipakeng o tlameha ho u tsebisa hore na u ka batla thuso ea bongaka kae le joang le hore na litšenyehelo tsa lipalangoang li tla koaheloa ke insurer; etsa bonnete ba hore u boloka litokomane tsohle tse netefatsang bonnete ba lipalangoang, tsela le litšenyehelo;
- ha o le setsing sa bongaka, lefella feela litšebeletso tseo ho lumellanoeng ka tsona le mokena-lipakeng;
- boloka litokomane tsohle tse tsamaeang le tsona li tiisa litšenyehelo tsa hau setsing sa bongaka; haeba tefo ea litšebeletso tsa bongaka e entsoe ka chelete, semathi se lemetseng se tla hloka ho amohela 'me hamorao se fe inshorense li-invoice le netefatso ea tefo ea bona, hammoho le tlaleho ea bongaka e bonts'ang lefu lena.